Which description best defines how crack cocaine is formed?

• A. The process of dissolving cocaine in cold water for injection
• B. A method of preserving cocaine in powder form
• C. The chemical process of converting cocaine hydrochloride to free base using baking soda and heat
• D. The process of mixing cocaine with alcohol to create a salt

Answer: (C)

Crack cocaine forms from cocaine hydrochloride, the water-soluble salt form, being converted into its free-base form through a basic reaction with heat. Using a base (like baking soda) and heat removes the hydrochloride, yielding free-base cocaine. This free base is nonpolar and volatile, so it can be heated and smoked, producing rapid absorption and a quick, intense effect. This concept is about the chemical change to a smokable form, not about dissolving for injection, preserving the powder, or forming a salt with alcohol.